Grasses

Grasses

Grass options are plentiful. Please visit the reference guide and contact us to further discuss your needs.

SEED REFERENCE GUIDE

FORAGE LEGUMES

TREES & SHRUBS

GRASSES, SEDGES, RUSHES & GRAINS

SEED REFERENCE GUIDE

Common Name	Scientific Name	Native Intro.	Mature Height	Life Cycle	Bloom Color	Bloom Season	Seeds / pound	When to Plant	Precip. Inches Req’d	Seeding Rate lbs/acre	Preferred Habitat Common Uses	Shade Tolerance
Arizona poppy	Kallstroemia grandiflora	N	12-36″	A	Orange-Red	Summer	100000	Spring/Fall	10	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Summer annual after rain. Prefers low moist areas.	Full Sun
Arrowleaf balsamroot	Balsamorhiza sagittata	N	8-32″	P	Yellow	Spr-Sum	58000	Spring/Fall	12	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Open areas on hillsides/grasslands/forests	Full Sun
Arroyo lupine	Lupinus succulentus	N	24-36″	A	Blue	Spring	15000	Anytime	12	1900-01-17 00:00:00	Dry open areas on foothills & canyons	Full Sun
Aspen daisy	Erigeron speciosus	N	12-36″	P	Lavender	Sum-Fall	1800000	Fall/Winter	16	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Moist forest & streambanks at mid-elevation	Sun or Partial
Baby Blue Eyes	Nemophila menziesii	N	4-12″	A	blue	Spring	240000	Winter/Spring	12	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Grow on a variety of soils & easy to establish	Sun or Partial
Bachelor buttons	Centaurea cyanus spp.	I	16-24″	A	Blue	Summer	90000	Spring	12	1900-01-03 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Basket of gold	Aurinia saxatilis	I	4-12″	P	Yellow	Spring	460000	Spring/Fall	14	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Big fruit evening primrose	Oenothera macrocarpa	N	6-8″	P	Yellow	Summer	92000	Fall/Winter	12	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Rocky slopes and hillsides throughout western U.S.	Full Sun
Birds eyes	Gilia tricolor	N	12-24″	A	Blue	Spr-Sum	1000000	Spring/Fall	14	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Black-eyed susan	Rudbeckia hirta	N	24-48″	P	Yellow	Summer	1650000	Winter/Spring	12	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Most soils throughout North America	Full Sun
Blanket flower	Gaillardia aristata	N	12-24″	P	Yellow-Red	Sum-Fall	186000	Spr/Fall/Win	10	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Ideal for erosion control on most soils	Sun or Partial
Blazing star	Mentzelia lindleyi	N	12-40″	A	Yellow	Spr-Sum	586000	Spring/Fall	12	1900-01-03 00:00:00	Dry open areas on foothills & canyons	Full Sun
Bleeding heart	Dicentra formosa	N	6-18″	P	Purple	Spr-Sum	450000	Spring/Fall	55	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Moist forest & streambanks at mid-elevation	Sun or Partial
Blue columbine	Aquilegia coerulea	N	10-30″	P	Blue & White	Spr-Sum	400000	Spring/Fall	16	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Mtn. common in aspen groves	Partial Shade
Blue sage	Salvia farinacea	N	12-24″	P	Blue	Summer	370000	Spring/Fall	14	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Dry sites in the Pacific Northwest	Full Sun
Blue-eyed grass	Sisyrinchium bellum	N	36-40″	P	Blue	Spring	325000	Fall/Winter	14	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Pacific coastal meadows to inland grasssy areas	Full Sun
Broadleaf lupine	Lupinus latifolius	N	12-24″	P	Blue	Spring	34600	Fall/Winter	10	1900-01-09 00:00:00	Found throughout western North America	Full Sun
Bunchberry dogwood	Cornus canadensis	N	2-8″	P	White	Spr-Sum	60000	Spring/Fall	16	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Moist areas throughout the Northwest	Sun or Partial
Butterfly milkweed	Asclepias tuberosa	N	12-24″	P	Orange	Spr-Sum	70000	Spring/Fall	24	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Open forests, river banks, close to springs	Full Sun
Calendula or Port marigold	Calendula officinalis	I	12-24″	A	Yellow & Orange	Spr-Fall	70000	Spring	16	2017-06-10 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Full Sun
California poppy	Eschscholzia californica	N	8-24″	A	Orange	Spr-Sum	260000	Spring/Fall	12	1900-01-03 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes & reclamation	Full Sun
Camas	Camassia quamash	N	8-24″	P	Blue	Spr-Fall	130000	Spring	16	1900-01-07 00:00:00	Grassy slopes and meadows	Full Sun
Candytuft	Iberis umbellata	I	12-18″	A	White-Violet	Summer	19500	Spring/Fall	14	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Carpet of snow or Sweet alyssum	Lobularia maritima	I	4-12″	A	White	Spr-Fall	1100000	Spring/Fall	12	2017-04-05 00:00:00	Open fields and along roadsides	Full Sun
Catchfly	Silene armeria	I	36-40″	A	Pink	Sum-Fall	4000000	0.5	14	1970-01-01 12:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Chinese Forget-me-not	Cynoglossum amabile	I	18-24″	B	Blue	Spr-Sum	85000	Spring/Fall	14	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Chinese houses	Collinsia heterophylla	I	12-24″	A	White-Lavender	Spr-Sum	400000	Spring/Fall	14	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Clasping coneflower	Dracopis amplexicaulis	N	18-28″	P	Yellow	Sum-Fall	800000	Spr/Fall/Win	12	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Most soils throughout North America	Full Sun
Colorado blue columbine	Aquilegia coerulea James	N	24″	P	Blue	Spr-Sum	399600	Spring/Fall	12	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Throughout the rockies, very good in mixed	Partial Shade
Columbia lily	Lilium columbianum	N	12-24″	P	Yellow-Red	Spring		Fall/Winter	30+		Moist forest & streambanks at mid-elevation in the northwest
Corn poppy (shirley)	Papaver rhoeas	I	18-24″	A	Red	Spr-Sum	3400000	Spr/Fall/Win	14	1970-01-01 12:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Dame’s rocket	Hesperis matronalis	I	12-40″	P	Purple	Spr-Sum	224000	Spring/Fall	16	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Desert daisy	Perityle emory	N	6-12″	A	White	Spring	3200000	Fall/Winter	10	1970-01-01 12:00:00	Rocky sites in the southern portion of CA & AZ	Full Sun
Desert globemallow	Sphaeralcea ambigua	N	24-40″	P	Orange-Red	Spring	510000	Anytime	10	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Rocky sites in the southern portion of CA & AZ	Full Sun
Desert lupine	Lupinus arizonicus	N	6-24″	A	Purple	Spring	130000	Fall/Winter	6	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Hot desert environments	Full Sun
Desert lupine	Lupinus sparsiflorus	N	6-18″	A	Violet	Spring	120000	Fall/Winter	12	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Hot desert environments	Full Sun
Desert marigold	Baileya multiradiata	N	12-30″	P	Yellow	Spr-Fall	1000000	Fall & Winter	10	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Disturbed areas in the Southwest deserts	Full Sun
Desert verbena	Glandularia gooddingii	N	18-30″	P	Pink-Violet	Spring	500000	Fall/Winter	10	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Prefers sand/gravel sites in Northern AZ & NM	Full Sun
Desertbells	Phacelia campanularia	N	12-30″	A	Blue	Spring	259000	Spring/Fall	12	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Full Sun
Drummond phlox	Phlox drummondii	N	10-24″	A	White-Red	Fall-Sum	261000	Spr/Fall/Win	12	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Most soils throughout North America	Full Sun
Dwarf columbine	Aquilegia vulgaris	I	12-30″	P	Varied	Spr-Sum	300000	Spring/Fall	16	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Open forests, river banks, close to springs	Partial Shade
Dwarf cosmos	Cosmos bipinnatus	I	12-24″	A	Pink	Sum-Fall	89000	Spring/Fall	12	1900-01-14 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Dwarf or Annual sunflower	Helianthus annuus	N	48+	A	Yellow	Summer	50000	Spring/Fall	10	1900-01-09 00:00:00	Grows well on disturbed soils	Full Sun
Early Indian paintbrush	Angustifolia chromosa	N	6-36″	P	Red	Spr-Sum	5000000	Spring/Fall	12	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Open rocky slopes, woods, streams & meadows	Sun or Partial
Eastern red columbine	Aquilegia canadensis	N	10-30″	P	Red & Yellow	Spr-Sum	500000	Spring/Fall	16	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Open forests, river banks, close to springs	Partial Shade
Fairy bells	Prosartes lanuginosa	N	12-24″	P	Yellow	Spring		Spring/Fall		1900-02-08 00:00:00	Moist coniferous, low-land forest in the Pacific Northwest	Shade
Fairy slipper	Calypso bulbosa	N	2-10″	P	Lavender	Spring		Fall	24		Deep shade in cool, moist forest at mid-elevations	Shade
Farewell to spring	Clarkia amoena	N	6-30″	A	Pink	Spr-Sum	1800000	Spring/Fall	16	2017-01-02 00:00:00	Grassy slopes and meadows	Sun or Partial
Firecracker Penstomen	Penstemon eatonii	N	24-32″	P	Red	Spr-Sum	595000	Fall/Winter	12	1900-01-01 00:00:00	Rocky slopes and hillsides throughout western U.S.	Full Sun
Fireweed	Chamerion angustifolium	N	24-60″	P	Purple	Late Sum	6500000	Fall/Winter	8	1970-01-01 12:00:00	Moist forest & streambanks at mid-elevation	Sun or Partial
Firewheel	Gaillardia pulchella	N	12-24″	A	Yellow-Red	Summer	220000	Anytime	10	1900-01-03 00:00:00	Ideal for erosion control on most soils	Sun or Partial
Fivespot	Nemophila maculata	N	4-12″	A	White-Purple	Spring	86000	Winter/Spring	12	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Moist prairies & meadows	Sun or Partial
Foothills golden banner	Thermopsis divaricarpa	N	12-24″	P	Yellow	Spr-Sum	30000	Fall/Winter	14	2017-12-15 00:00:00	Wooded areas from 4,000-7,000 ft. elevation	Sun or Partial
Forget-me-not	Myosotis sylvatica	N	10-16″	B	Blue	Summer	730000	Spr/Fall/Win	16	2017-02-03 00:00:00	Moist prairies & meadows	Sun or Partial
Foxglove	Digitalis purpurea	I	24-48″	B	Pink	Summer	4750000	Spring/Fall	16	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Full Sun
Gayfeather	Liatris spicata	N	24-40″	P	Purple	Sum-Fall	140000	Spring/Fall	14	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Moist prairies & meadows	Full Sun
Globe gilia	Gilia capitata	N	12-24″	A	Blue	Summer	1000000	Summer	14	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Golden banner	Thermopsis montana	N	12-36″	P	Blue-Violet	Sum-Fall	15000	Spring/Fall	16	1900-01-19 00:00:00	Moist prairies & meadows in wildflower mixes	Sun or Partial
Goldenrod	Solidago rigida	N	36-40″	P	Yellow	Late Sum	1009000	Fall/Winter	14	2017-01-02 00:00:00	From the Rockies to the East Coast on grassy areas	Full Sun
Gooseberry globemallow	Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia	N	24-36″	P	Orange-Red	Spr-Sum	510000	Fall/Winter	12	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Dry open areas in foothills & canyons	Full Sun
Gray aster	Eurybia glauca	N	18-36″	P	White	Fall	550000	Fall/Winter	14	1900-01-03 00:00:00	Intermountain lowlands to subalpine	Partial Shade
Gray headed coneflower	Ratibida pinnata	N	12-48″	P	Yellow	Sum-Fall	445000	Fall/Winter	12	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Common in central U.S. on praiies and dry sites	Full Sun
Great basin penstemon	Penstemon subglaber	N	12-28″	P	Purple	Summer	410000	Fall/Winter	14	1900-01-03 00:00:00	Rocky slopes and hillsides throughout the Great Basin region	Full Sun
Hairy vetch	Vicia villosa	I	6-18″	A/P	Purple	Spring	20000	Spring/Fall	18	1900-02-08 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes & pasture mixes	Sun or Partial
Iceland poppy	Papaver nudicaule	I	18-24″	P	Yellow-Orange	Spring	3630000	Winter/Spring	14	1970-01-01 12:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Illinois bundleflower	Desmanthus illinoensis	I	24-36″	P	White	Summer	120000	Fall/Winter	14	1900-01-07 00:00:00	Desireable for big game & birds in midwest	Sun or Partial
Indian Paintbrush	Castilleja spp.	N	8-24″	P	Scarlet	Sum-Fall	4000000	Spring/Fall	12	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Dry open areas on foothills	Full Sun
Johny jump up	Viola cornuta	I	6-12″	P	Purple/Blue/Yellow	Spr-Sum	400000	Spring/Fall	14	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Lacy phacelia	Phacelia tanacetifolia	N	12-40″	A	Blue	Summer	163000	Fall/Winter	10	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Ideal for quick establishment on moist soils	Full Sun
Lance-leaved coreopsis	Coreopsis lanceolata	N	12-36″	P	Yellow	Summer	210000	Spr/Fall/Win	14	2017-08-10 00:00:00	Reclamation mixes on sandy to rocky soils	Sun or Partial
Lawn daisy	Bellis perennis	I	6″	P	Rose	Spr-Fall	2800000	Spring/Fall	12	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Open fields and along roadsides	Partial Shade
Lemon mint	Monarda citriodora	N	12-36″	A	White-Purple	Spr-Sum	800000	Spring/Fall	12	1900-01-01 00:00:00	Grows on a variety of soils & easy to establish	Full Sun
Lewis blue flax, Maple Grove	Linum lewisii	N	6-32″	P	Blue	Spr-Fall	295000	Spr/Fall/Win	10	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Reclamation mixes on sandy to rocky soils	Full Sun
Low bush penstemon	Penstemon fruticosus	N	12-24″	P	Blue	Spring	400000	Spring/Fall	12	1900-01-01 00:00:00	Rocky slopes and hillsides throughout western U.S.	Full Sun
Maltese cross	Lychnis chalcedonica	N	24-36″	P	Red	Summer	1120000	Fall/Winter	16	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Dry open areas on foothills & canyons	Full Sun
Maximillian sunflower	Helianthus maximiliani	N	36+”	P	Yellow	Summer	225000	Spring/Fall	14	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Grows well on disturbed soils	Full Sun
Mexican hat	Ratibida columnifera forma pulcherrima	N	12-36″	P	Red	Summer	1032000	Spr/Fall/Win	16	1900-01-01 00:00:00	Most soils throughout North America	Full Sun
Miniature lupine	Lupinus bicolor	N	4-16″	A	Blue-White	Summer	72250	Spr/Fall/Win	12	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Grassy areas from the coast to 5,000 ft,	Full Sun
Monkey flower	Mimulus	I	12-18″	A	Yellow-Red	Spr-Sum	9000000	Spring/Fall	16	1970-01-01 06:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Moss verbena	Glandularia tenuisecta	N	12-36″	P	Blue-Violet	Spr-Sum	1200000	Spring/Fall	12	2017-01-02 00:00:00	Good ground cover found in southern CA, AZ & NM	Full Sun
Mountain lupine	Lupinus argenteus ssp. Rubricaulis	N	12-24″	P	Blue-Lavender	Sum-Fall	13000	Fall/Winter	16	2017-10-15 00:00:00	Sub-alpine meadows on moist soils	Sun or Partial
Munro globemallow	Sphaeralcea munroana	N	24-36″	P	Orange-Red	Spring	515000	Fall/Winter	12	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Dry open areas in foothills & canyons	Full Sun
Nelson globemallow	Sphaeralcea parvifolia	N	18-36″	P	Red-Orange	Spring	515000	Fall/Winter	12	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Prefers sand/gravel sites in Northern AZ & NM	Full Sun
New England aster	Symphyotrichum novae-angliae	N	24-60″	P	Pink-Purple	Fall	1330000	Fall/Winter	16	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Along streams, wet meadows & swamps	Partial Shade
Northern sweetvetch	Hedysarum boreale	N	12-24″	P	Pink-Purple	Spring	35000	Fall/Winter	14	1900-01-14 00:00:00	Grows on variety of soils, good forage	Sun or Partial
Nuttalls sego lily	Calochortus nuttallii	N	6-18″	P	White	Spr-Sum		Fall	12		Dry soils in sagebrush plains and open forests	Full Sun
Oregon windflower	Anemone oregana	N	4-12″	P	White	Spr-Sum		Spring/Fall	20		Moist forest & streambanks at mid-elevaton in the N.W	Partial Shade
Oxeye daisy	leucanthemum vulgare	I	12-24″	P	White	Spr-Sum	200000	Spring/Fall	14	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Pacific aster	Symphyotrichum chilensis	N	12-36″	P	Lavender	Fall	2650000	Spr/Fall/Win	12	1899-12-31 00:00:00	meadows, open slopes near the ocean	Partial Shade
Pale evening primrose	Oenothera pallida	N	8-20″	A	White	Spring	500000	Fall/Winter	12	1900-01-03 00:00:00	Moist prairies & meadows	Sun or Partial
Pale purple coneflower	Echinacea pallida	N	12-18″	P	White	Spr-Sum	106000	Spring/Fall	14	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Grassy slopes or open prairies	Full Sun
Palmer pentemon	Penstemon palmeri	N	12-24′	P	Pink	Spr-Sum	611000	Spring/Fall	10	2017-02-04 00:00:00	Rocky slopes and hillsides throughout western U.S.	Full Sun
Parish goldeneye	Viguiera deltoidea	N	12-30″	P	Yellow	Summer	6500000	Spring/Fall	12	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Dry open areas in foothills & canyons	Full Sun
Pearly Everlasting	Anaphalis margaritacea	N	8-40″	P	White	Sum-Fall	8200000	Spring/Fall	20	1970-01-01 12:00:00	Forest openings from lowlands to mtn.	Full Sun
Perennial wild lupine	Lupinus Perennis	N	12-36″	P	Purple-Blue	Spr-Sum	21500	Fall/Winter	12	1900-01-11 00:00:00	Moist soils throughout North America	Full Sun
Pinkladies	Oenothera speciosa	N	12-12″	A	Pink-White	Spr-Sum	3040000	Spr/Fall/Win	10	1970-01-01 12:00:00	Moist prairies & meadows	Sun or Partial
Plains coreopsis	Coreopsis tinctoria	N	24-40″	A	Yellow & Maroon	Sum-Fall	1650000	Winter/Spring	12	1900-01-01 00:00:00	Meadows and open fields	Sun or Partial
Prairie aster	Machaeranthera tanacetifolia	N	4-16″	A	Purple	Summer	494000	Winter/Spring	12	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Rocky hillsides throughout the Great Basin	Full Sun
Purple coneflower	Echinacea purpurea	N	24-48″	P	Purple	Spring	157000	Spr/Fall/Win	12	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Grassy slopes or open prairies	Full Sun
Purple crownvetch	Coronilla varia	I	24-36″	P	Purple	Spr-Sum	138000	Spring/Fall	24	15-20	Ornamental ground cover used on roadsides	Full Sun
Purple prairie clover	Dalea purpurea var. purpurea	N	12-24″	P	Purple	Spr-Sum	200000	Spring/Fall	14	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Dry sites from Montana through Texas	Full Sun
Purple verbena	Verbena stricta	N	24-40″	P	Purple	Purple	430000	Spring/Fall	12	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Dry open areas in foothills & canyons	Full Sun
Redwood Sorrel	Oxalis oregana	N	2-8″	P	White	Spring		Spring/Fall		1900-01-29 00:00:00	Moist prairies & meadows in WA & OR	Sun or Partial
Rocket Larkspur	Consolida ajacis	I	12-42″	A	White-Violet	Spr-Sum	290030	Winter/Spring	14	1900-01-03 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Rocky Mountain beeplant	Cleome serrulata	N	12-40″	A	Purple	Sum-Fall	65000	Spring/Fall	16	1900-01-09 00:00:00	Disturbed areas, plains and in the western foothills	Full Sun
Rocky Mountain iris	Iris missouriensis	N	12-24″	P	Blue	Spring	20000	Fall/Winter	16	1900-01-15 00:00:00	Ideal for native wildflower mixes on most soils	Sun or Partial
Rocky Mountain penstemon	Penstemon strictus	N	10-36″	P	Blue	Summer	595000	Fall/Winter	14	1900-01-03 00:00:00	Rocky slopes and hillsides throughout western U.S.	Full Sun
Russel lupine	Lupinus polyphyllus	N	12-60″	P	Blue-Violet	Spr-Sum	22500	Fall/Winter	16	1900-01-07 00:00:00	Found throughout western North America	Full Sun
Rydberg’s penstemon	Penstemon rydbergii	N	6-24″	P	Purple	Summer	848000	Fall/Winter	16	2017-02-04 00:00:00	Dry open areas on foothills & canyons	Full Sun
Salal	Gaultheria shallon	N	24-48″	P	White	Spring	5000000	Spring/Fall	50+	1900-01-04 00:00:00	Moist forest & streambanks at mid-elevation	Sun or Partial
Sand verbena	Abronia villosa	N	12″	P	Pink-Purple	Summer	40000	Spring/Fall	10	1900-01-03 00:00:00	Open, sandy locations in Southwest	Full Sun
Scarlet flax	Linum grandiflorum	I	12-28″	A	Scarlet	Spr-Fall	130000	Spring/Fall	12	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Scarlet gilia	Ipomopsis aggregata	N	6-36″	B	Red	Spr-Sum	100000	Spring/Fall	10	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Dry, rocky, open sites at fairly high elevations	Sun or Partial
Scarlet globemallow	Sphaeralcea coccinea	N	6-20″	P	Red-Orange	Summer	515000	Fall/Winter	10	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Dry open areas in foothills & canyons	Full Sun
Scarlet Larkspur	Delphinium cardinale	I	24-36″	P	Red-Orange	Summer	315000	Spring/Fall	14	1900-01-03 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Shasta daisy	Leucanthemum maximum	I	12-36″	P	White	Spr-Sum	310000	Spring/Fall	16	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Shooting star	Dodecatheon	N	12-24″	P	Pink	Spr-Sum	700000	Spring/Fall	16	2017-02-04 00:00:00	Moist well drained areas in the Eastern U.S.	Sun or Partial
Showy goldeneye	Heliomeris multiflora	N	12-48″	P	Yellow	Summer	515000	Fall/Winter	16	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Most soils throughout North America	Sun or Partial
Showy goldenrod	Solidago speciosa	N	36-40″	P	Yellow	Late Sum	1000000	Fall/Winter	10	2017-01-02 00:00:00	Most soils throughout North America	Full Sun
Showy penstemon	Penstemon pseudospectabilis	N	24-40″	P	Pink	Spring	750000	Fall/Winter	10	2017-02-04 00:00:00	Dry open areas on foothills & canyons	Full Sun
Siberian wallflower	Erysimum x marshallii	I	12-24″	A	Orange	Spr-Sum	335000	Winter/Spring	12	1900-01-01 00:00:00	Well drained or rocky meadows & roadsides	Full Sun
Sickle-keeled lupine	Lupinus albicaulis	N	24-42″	B	Pink-White	Spring	29600	Spr/Fall/Win	16	1900-01-09 00:00:00	Ideal for quick establishment on moist soils	Full Sun
Silky lupine	Lupinus sericeus	N	12-36″	P	blue	Summer	13000	Fall/Winter	12	1900-01-23 00:00:00	Found throughout western North America	Sun or Partial
Silver Lupine	Lupinus argenteus	N	12-24″	P	Blue-White	Summer	18500	Fall/Winter	16	1900-01-09 00:00:00	Grows best above 5,000 ft. on dry slopes	Full Sun
Small Burnet	Sanguisorba minor	I	12-24″	P	Pink	Summer	60000	Spring/Fall	10	20-24	Most soils thoughout North America	Full Sun
Splitleaf Indian paintbrush	Castilleja rhexiifolia	N	8-30″	P	Violate	Summer	4900000	Spring/Fall	10	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Open rocky slopes, woods, streams & meadows	Sun or Partial
Spurred snapdragon	Linaria maroccana	I	12-24″	A	Varied	Spr-Sum	7000000	Spring/Fall	14	1970-01-01 12:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Sticky or Wild geranium	Geranium viscosissimum	N	18-48″	P	Pink	Summer	52000	Fall/Winter	14	1900-01-09 00:00:00	Moist forest & streambanks at mid-elevation	Sun or Partial
Streambank wild hollyhock	Iliamna rivularis	N	24-72″	P	Red	Spring	130000	Spring/Fall	16	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Moist forest & streambank at mid-elevation in the northwest	Full Sun
Sulfur flower	Eriogonum umbellatum	N	6-16″	P	Yellow	Fall	209500	Fall/Winter	10	1900-01-03 00:00:00	Mountain meadows-deserts on well drained soils	Sun or Partial
Sulfur paintbrush	Castilleja sulphurea	N	18″	P	Yellow	Sum-Fall	4500000	Spring/Fall	14	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Mountain meadows and slopes	Full Sun
Sweet william pinks	Dianthus barbatus	I	6-24″	P	Pink	Summer	440000	Spring/Fall	14	2017-02-04 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Tailcup lupine	Lupinus caudatus	N	12-28″	P	Blue	Spr-Sum	25000	Fall/Winter	16	2017-10-12 00:00:00	Above 5,000 ft. in the Great Basin region	Full Sun
Texas bluebonnet	Lupinus texensis	N	12-24″	A	Blue-White	Spring	15000	Fall/Winter	14	1900-01-17 00:00:00	Dry open areas throughout Texas	Full Sun
Thickspike gayfeather	Liatris pycnostachya	N	24-40″	P	Purple	Sum-Fall	130000	Spring/Fall	14	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Moist prairies & meadows	Full Sun
Tidy-tips	Layia platyglossa	N	4-12″	A	Yellow	Summer	360000	Spring/Fall	10	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Ideal for native wildflower mixes on most soils	Full Sun
Tussock bellflower	Campanula carpatica	I	10-24″	P	Lavender	Summer	5600000	Summer	16	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Upright prairie Coneflower	Ratibida columnifera	N	12-36″	P	Yellow	Summer	1032000	Spr/Fall/Win	16	1900-01-01 00:00:00	Most soils throughout North America	Full Sun
Wasatch penstemon	Penstemon cyananthus	N	18-30″	P	Blue	Spr-Sum	400000	Spring/Fall	16	1900-01-01 00:00:00	Rocky slopes and hillsides throughout western U.S.	Full Sun
Western red columbine	Aquilegia formosa	N	36″	P	Red	Spr-Sum	248000	Spring/Fall	16	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Open forests, river banks, close to springs	Partial Shade
White Prairie clover	Dalea candida	N	12-36″	P	White	Spr-Fall	350000	Spring/Fall	14	2017-06-08 00:00:00	Most soils througout North America	Sun or Partial
White tufted evening primrose	Oenothera caespitosa	N	4-6″	P	White	Spr-Sum	900000	Spring/Fall	12	1900-01-01 00:00:00	Rocky slopes and hillsides throughout western U.S.	Full Sun
White yarrow	Achillea millefolium	N	12-40″	P	White	Sum-Fall	2600000	Spr/Fall/Win	10	1899-12-31 00:00:00	Open areas from lowlands to mtn.	Full Sun
Wild bergamot	Monarda fistulosa	N	12-40″	P	Pink	Summer	1500000	Spring/Fall	14	2017-01-02 00:00:00	Grows in large colonies on dry open areas	Full Sun
Wooly pod vetch	Vicia villosa ssp.varia	I	6-18″	A/P	Purple	Spring	32000	Spring/Fall	12	1900-02-08 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes & pasture mixes	Sun or Partial
Wyeth buckwheat	Eriogonum heracleoides	N	6-20″	P	White-Pink	Spr-Sum	136200	Fall/Winter	10	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Dry open areas on foothills & canyons	Full Sun
Yellow columbine	Aquilegia flavescens	N	10-30″	P	Yellow	Spr-Sum	400000	Spring/Fall	16	2017-04-06 00:00:00	Open forests, river banks, close to springs	Partial Shade
Yellow cosmos	Cosmos sulphureus	I	18-36″	A	Yellow & Orange	Sum-Fall	66000	Winter/Spring	12	1900-01-05 00:00:00	Used in wildflower mixes, rock gardens, etc.	Sun or Partial
Yellow evening primrose	Oenothera biennis	N	12-40″	B	Yellow	Summer	1500000	Spring/Fall	14	2017-01-02 00:00:00	Grows on a variety of soils & easy to establish	Full Sun
Yellow-rayed mulesear	Wyethia amplexicaulis	N	12-32″	P	Yellow	Spr-Sum	28200	Fall/Winter	14		Dry open areas in foothills & canyons	Full Sun
A = Annual	Life Cycle	P = Perennial		B = Biennial

FORAGE LEGUMES

Common Name	Scientific Name	Varieties	Bloat NonBloat	Mature Height	Cold Hardiness	Seed Rate Lbs/acre	Seeds / Pound	When to Plant	Precip. Inches Req’d	Salinity Tolerance	Drought Tolerance
Alfalfa	Medicago sativa	many varieties	Bloat	13-24+”	H	2017-08-15 00:00:00	210000	Spr/Fall	12	Medium	High
Alsike clover	Trifolium hybridum		Bloat	13-24″	H	2017-06-08 00:00:00	680000	Spring	32	None	Low
Austrian pea	Lathyrus hirsutus		Bloat	13-36″	H	45-60	15000	Spr/Fall	35	None	Low
Berseem clover	Trifolium alexandrinum		Non-Bloat	12-18″	NH	2017-05-15 00:00:00	200000	Spr/Fall	35	None	Low
Birdsfoot trefoil	Lotus corniculatus	Empire, Viking	Non-Bloat	13-24″	H	2017-04-06 00:00:00	370000	Spring	15	Medium	None
Cicer milkvetch	Astragalus cicer	Monarch, Lutana, Oxley	Non-Bloat	13-24″	H	20-25	145000	Spr/Fall	18	Medium	Low
Falcata alfalfa	Medicago sativa ssp. Falcata		Bloat	13-24+”	H	2017-08-15 00:00:00	211000	Spr/Fall	10	Medium	High
Hairy vetch	Vicia villosa		Non-Bloat	1-24″	H	25-35	20000	Spr/Fall	18	None	Medium
Ladino clover	Trifolium repens latum		Bloat	13-24″	H	2017-02-06 00:00:00	800000	Spr/Fall	24	None	Low
Red clover	Trifolium pratense	Kenland, Mammoth	Bloat	25+”	H	2017-08-10 00:00:00	275000	Spr/Fall	32	None	Low
Rose clover	Trifolium hirtum	Hykon	Bloat	1-24″	NH	1900-01-19 00:00:00	140000	Fall	12	Low	Medium
Sainfoin	Onobrychis viciifolia	Eski, Remont, Shoshone	Non-Bloat	25+”	H	35-45	30000	Spring	12	Medium	Medium
Small Burnet	Sanguisorba minor	Delar	Non-Bloat	8-24″	H	20-24	55000	Spr/Fall	12	Medium	Low
Strawberry clover	Trifolium fragiferum	O’Connors, Salina	Bloat	1-12″	NH	2017-05-15 00:00:00	300000	Spr/Fall	15	Medium	Low
Subterranean clover	Trifolium subterraneum		Bloat	1-6″	H	20-24	65000	Spr/Fall	16	Low	Medium
White dutch clover	Trifolium repens		Bloat	1-12″	H	2017-02-06 00:00:00	850000	Spr/Fall	24	Low	Medium
White sweetclover	Melilotus alba		Bloat	13-24+”	H	2017-10-15 00:00:00	260000	Spr/Fall	10	Medium	High
Wooly pod vetch	Vicia villosa ssp.varia	Lana	Non-Bloat	1-24″	NH	35-40	100000	Spr/Fall	18	None	Medium
Yellow sweetclover	Melilotus officinalis	Madrid	Bloat	13-24+”	H	2017-10-15 00:00:00	260000	Spr/Fall	10	None	High

H = Hardy	Cold hardiness:	NH = Not Hardy

	Seeding rates will vary dependent upon method of seeding and intended use.

TREES & SHRUBS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Native Intro.	Mature Height	Tree Shrub	Seeds / Pound	Bloom Color	When to Plant	Precip Req’d	Elevation Range	Erosion Control	Wildlife Value	X-Scape Value	Acidity Tol.	Salinity Tol.
White-thorn acacia	Acacia constricta	N	2-10′	Shrub	25000	Orange/Yellow	Spr/Fall	6″	1500-4500	3	Seeds eaten by birds & small animals	Very Good	None	High
Catclaw acacia	Acacia greggii	N	20′	Shrub	2500	White/Pink	Spr/Fall	6″	0-4500	3	Browsed by livestock & wildlife	Very Good	None	Med
Rocky mountain maple	Acer glabrum	N	10+’	Tree	13000	Green	Spr/Fall	20″	4500-9000	3	Forage & cover	Very Good	Low	None
Boxelder	Acer negundo	N	20′	Tree	13300	Yellow	Spr/Fall	20″	2000-4500	3	Browsed by wildlife	Very Good	Low	None
Red alder	Alnus rubra	N	20-35′	Tree	660000	Brown	Spr/Fall	20″	2000-4500	3	Big game browse & upland bird food	Very Good	Low	None
Sitka Alder	Alnus viridis sinuata	N	3-15′	Tree	660000	Brown	Spr/Fall	20″	2000-7000	3	Big game browse & upland bird food	Very Good	Low	None
Triangle-leaf bursage	Ambrosia deltoidea	N	1-3′	Shrub	9000	Indeterminate	Spr/Fall	6″	1500-4500	4	Little value & will occur s pure stands	Very Good	Low	None
White bursage	Ambrosia dumosa	N	1-2′	Shrub	80000	Indeterminate	Spr/Fall	8″	500-3000	3	Valuable desert forage	Very Good	Low	Med
Saskatoon serviceberry	Amelanchier alnifolia	N	3-18′	Shrub	36000	White	Fall/Win	11″	0-9000	4	Excellent browse & cover for wildlife	Very Good	Low	Med
Utah serviceberry	Amelanchier utahensis	N	3-12′	Shrub	37000	Indeterminate	Fall/Win	10″	1500-4500	4	Excellent brouse & cover for wildlife	Very Good	Low	Med
Kinnikinnick or Bearberry	Arctostaphylos uva-ursi	N	.5-1′	Shrub	37000	White/Pink	Spr/Sum	14″	1500-7500	3	Berries are eaten by bear, grouse & turkeys	Very Good	Low	Med
Silver sage	Artemisia cana	N	2-5′	E-Shrub	846000	Yellow	Fall/Win	13″	1500-4500	3	Good winter forage	Very Good	Low	Med
Sand sage	Artemisia filifolia	N	2-4′	Sub-Shrub	2000000	Yellow	Spr/Fall	6″	2500-7000	3	Provides cover and sandy sites	Very Good	Low	Med
Fringed sage	Artemisia frigida	N	1-1.5′	Shrub	4536000	White	Fall/Win/Spr	10″	2500-7500	3	Good winter forage	Excellent	Low	Med
Lousiana/Prairie Sage	Artemisia ludoviciana	N	1-3′	Shrub	4000000	White	Fall/Win/Spr	10″	2500-9000	4	Forage & cover	Very Good	Low	Med
Black sage	Artemisia nova	N	1-2′	E-Shrub	907000	Brown	Fall/Win	7″	4000-7000	4	Good forage on dry-sites for wildlife	Good	Low	Low
Basin big sage	Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata	N	3-12′	E-Shrub	2466000	Green	Fall/Win	10″	1500-7000	3	Provides cover on sandy sites	Good	Low	Low
Mountain big sage	Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana	N	2-5′	E-Shrub	1200000	Yellow	Fall/Win	14″	2500-9000	3	Provides cover on dry mountain areas	Good	Low	Low
Wyoming big sage	Artemisia tridentata ssp. Wyomingensis	N	1-3′	E-Shrub	1215000	Yellow	Fall/Win	8″	1500-4500	3	Good food & cover for small animals	Very Good	Low	Low
Fourwing saltbrush	Atriplex canescens	N	2-5′	Shrub	52000	Green	Fall/Win/Spr	8″	0-7500	3	Fruits provide good food for wildlife	Very Good	Med	Low
Shadscale	Atriplex confertifolia	N	1-5′	Shrub	65000	Yellow	Fall/Win/Spr	5″	1500-7000	4	Valuable forage especially in winter	Very Good	High	High
Mat saltbush	Atriplex corrugata	N	1-2′	E-Shrub	59000	Indeterminate	Fall/Win	7″	4000-7000	3	Valuable forage especially in winter	Very Good	Med	Med
Castle Valley saltbush	Atriplex cuneata	N	.5-1′	E-Shrub	30000	Indeterminate	Fall/Win	7″	4000-7000	3	Valuable forage especially in winter	Very Good	Med	Med
Gardner saltbush	Atriplex gardneri	N	.5-1′	E-Shrub	110000	Indeterminate	Fall/Win	6″	3500-7000	3	Excellent forage for wildlife & livestock	Very Good	Med	Med
Quail bush	Atriplex lentiformis	N	3-10′	Shrub	800000	Yellow	Winter	4″	0-4000	3	Good food & cover for small animals	Good	Low	High
Desert saltbush	Atriplex polycarpa	N	1-4′	E-Shrub	800000	Indeterminate	Fall/Win	6″	0-4000	3	Excellent browse & cover for wildlife	Good	Low	High
Australian saltbush	Atriplex semibaccata	I	1-3′	E-Shrub	80000	Indeterminate	Fall/Win	9″	0-3000	3	Excellent browse & cover for wildlife	Good	High	High
Trident saltbush	Atriplex tridentata	N	4-10′	Shrub	111000	Yellow	Spring	7″	3500-7500	3	Good forage on dry-sites for wildlife	Good	Med	High
Desertbroom	Baccharis sarothroides	N	3-6′	E-Shrub	900000	Yellow	Winter	3″	1000-5000	3	Good food & cover for small animals	Good	Med	High
Forage kochia	Bassia prostrata	I	1-3′	Shrub	395000	Green	Fall/Win	8″	1500-4500	3	Very palatable to all wildlife	No	Low	High
Water birch	Betula occidentalis	N	10-20′	Lg. Shrub	402000	Yellow	Spring	16″	2500-7500	3	Big game browse & upland bird food	Very Good	Low	Low
False mesquite	Calliandra eriophylla	N	1-3′	Shrub	24000	Purple	Winter	3″	1500-4500	4	Year-around forage	Good	Low	None
Deerbrush	Ceanothus integerrimus	N	3-8′	Shrub	60000	Pinkish/Blue	Fall/Win	10″	1500-4500	3	Forage for non-game animals	Excellent	Low	Low
Red-stem ceanothus	Ceanothus sanguineus	N	4-12′	Shrub	130000	White	Fall/Win	15″	1500-4500	4	Good browse for cattle & deer	Very Good	Low	None
Snowbrush ceanothus	Ceanothus velutinus	N	3-10′	E-Shrub	128000	White	Fall/Win	13″	1500-7000	4	Good browse for cattle & deer	Very Good	Low	None
Curlleaf mountain mahogany	Cercocarpus ledifolius	N	10-20′	E-Shrub	52200	Yellow	Fall/Win	11″	2000-9000	3	Excellent browse & cover for wildlife	Very Good	None	Low
True mountain mahogany	Cercocarpus montanus	N	2-10′	E-Shrub	45000	White	Fall/Win/Spr	10″	3500-9000+	3	Excellent browse & cover for wildlife	Very Good	None	Low
Desert willow	Chilopsis linearis	N	5-15′	E-Shrub	86000	Purple	Fall/Win	10″	1500-4500	4	Low browse and graze value	Excellent	Low	Low
Green rabbitbrush	Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus	N	1-3′	Shrub	782000	Yellow	Fall/Win	8″	2000-9000	3	Good cover for small birds & animals	Good	Low	Low
Bladderpod spiderflower	Cleome isomeris	N	1-5′	Shrub	5000	Yellow	Fall/Win	7″	0-4500	4	Good winter forage	Very Good	Low	High
Blackbrush	Coleogyne ramosissima	N	2-6′	Shrub	20000	Yellow	Fall/Spr	6″	2500-6000	3	Good cover for small birds & animals	Very Good	Low	Low
Bunchberry	Cornus canadensis	N	.5′	Shrub	67000	White	Fall/Spr	32″	1500-4500	3	Little forage value/good ground cover	Very Good	Low	None
Flowering dogwood	Cornus florida	N	25-40′	Tree	4500	White	Fall/Spr	28″	1500-4500	3	Deer browse and good upland bird food	Very Good	Low	None
Redosier dogwood	Cornus sericea ssp. Sericea	N	5-10′	Shrub	18500	White	Fall/Spr	24″	2500-9000	3	Berries are eaten by bear, grouse & turkeys	Excellent	Low	Low
Black hawthorn	Crataegus douglasii	N	5-15′	Shrub	23000	White	Fall/Win	6″	2000-4500	3	Excellent browse & cover for wildlife	Very Good	None	Low
Brittlebush / Goldenhills	Encelia farinosa	N	2-5′	Shrub	35000	Yellow	Fall/Spr	5″	0-3000	3	Little forage vallue/good landscaping	Excellent	None	Med
Nevada ephedra	Ephedra nevadensis	N	1-3′	Shrub	19000	Yellow	Fall/Win	7″	2000-6000	3	Good winter forage	Very Good	None	High
Green ephedra	Ephedra viridis	N	1-3′	Shrub	25000	Yellow	Fall/Win	5″	2500-7500	3	Good winter forage	Very Good	Low	Low
Turpentinebush	Ericameria Laricifolia	N	1-3′	E-Shrub	900000	Yellow	Fall/Win	8″	2000-5000	4	Good cover for small birds & animals	Very Good	None	Low
Rubber rabbitbrush	Ericameria nauseosa	N	1-7′	Shrub	400000	Yellow	Fall/Win	8″	2000-9000	3	Good cover for small birds & animals	Good	Low	Low
Flat-top or Mojave buckwheat	Eriogonum fasciculatum	N	1-3′	Shrub	300000	White	Fall/Win	8″	0-4500	4	Good food & cover for small animals	Very Good	Low	Med
Parsnipflower buckwheat	Eriogonum heracleoides	N	1-2′	Shrub	35000	Yellow	Fall/Win	8″	1000-4500	4	Good food & cover for small animals	Very Good	Low	Med
Sulfur flower buckwheat	Eriogonum umbellatum	N	1′	Shrub	209500	Yellow	Fall/Win	8″	1000-4500	3	Good food & cover for small animals	Very Good	Low	High
Apache plume	Fallugia paradoxa	N	3-6′	Shrub	420000	Purple	Fall/Win	5″	1500-4500	5	Good winter forage	Excellent	Low	Low
Spiny hopsage	Grayia spinosa	N	1-3′	S-Shrub	260000	Red	Fall/Win/Spr	8″	0-7000	3	Good winter forage	Very Good	None	High
Oceanspray	Holodiscus discolor	N	5-15′	Shrub	5307000	White	Fall/Spr	9″	1000-7500	3	Good cover for small birds & animals	Very Good	Low	None
Cheesebush or Brittlebush	Hymenoclea salsola	N	2-4′	Shrub	120000	White	Fall/Spr/Spr	6″	0-4000	3	Provides cover on dry sandy sites	Good	None	Med
Streambank wild hollyhock	Iliamna rivularis	N	6′	Shrub	130000	Red	Fall/Spr	16″	2500-7000	3	Good cover for all wildlife	Very Good	Low	None
Burro-weed	Isocoma tenuisecta	N	1-3′	Shrub	900000	Yellow	Fall/Win	8″	1500-4000	3	Good cover for small birds & animals	Very Good	None	Med
Western juniper	Juniperus occidentalis	N	40-60′	Tree	12300	Yellow	Fall/Win	10″	1500-7000	3	Good cover for small birds & animals	Very Good	Low	Med
Rocky mountain juniper	Juniperus scopulorum	N	10-80′	Tree	30000	Yellow	Spring	12″	2500-7000	3	Good cover for all wildlife	Excellent	Low	Low
Mountain laurel	Kalmia latifolia	N	6′	Tree	15000000	White	Fall/Spr	32″	1500-4500	3	Found in bogs to very wet ground	Good	Med	None
Winterfat	Krascheninnikovia Lanata	N	1-3′	E-Shrub	111000	White	Fall/Win/Spr	6″	1500-4500	4	Excellent browse & cover for wildlife	Good	None	Med
Creosote bush	Larrea tridentata	N	3-9′	E-Shrub	90000	Yellow	Fall/Win	6″	0-4500	3	Good cover for all wildlife	Very Good	None	Low
Honeysuckle	Lonicera ciliosa	N	10-15′	Shrub		Orange	Fall/Spr	20″	0-4500	4	Good food and cover for wildlife	Very Good	Low	None
Deervetch	Lotus rigidus	N	1-3′	Shrub	300000	Yellow	Fall/Win	6″	2500-4500	3	Good cover for all wildlife	Excellent	None	Low
Wolfberry/Waterjacket	Lycium andersonii	N	2-5″	Shrub	30000	Purple	Fall/Win	10″	1500-4000	3	Good Food & cover for small animals	Excellent	Low	Med
Thornbush	Lycium exsertum	N	8-10′	Shrub	500000	Purple	Fall/Win	10″	1500-4500	3	Good winter forage	Very Good	Low	Med
Tall oregon grape	Mahonia aquifolium	N	2-8′	E-shrub	33000	Yellow	Fall/Win	20″	0-10000	4	shade tolerant valuable food for small animals	Excellent	None	Low
Creeping Oregon grape	Mohonia repens	N	1-2′	E-Shrub	66560	Yellow	Fall/Win	12″	0-10000	4	Good food & cover for small animals	Excellent	Low	Low
Desert ironwood	Olneya tesota	N	35′	Tree	2000	Purple	Fall/Spr	6″	1500-2500	4	Good browse and seed source	Very Good	Low	Low
Blue paloverde	Parkinsonia floridum	N	20-30′	E-Tree	3500	Yellow	Fall/Win	6″	0-4000	3	Seed eaten by birds & small animals	Very Good	None	Med
Foothills palo verde	Parkinsonia microphylla	N	15-25′	E-Tree	4000	White/Yellow	Fall/Win	8″	500-4000	3	Seed eaten by birds & small animals	Very Good	None	Med
Wild crabapple	Peraphyllum ramosissimum	N	8′	Shrub	25000	Pink	Fall/Spr	10″	1500-4500	3	Good food & cover for small animals	Very Good	None	Low
Lewis’ mock orange	Philadelphus lewisii	N	12′	Shrub	8000000	White	Fall/Spr	20″	1500-4500	4	Good food and cover for wildlife	Very Good	Low	None
Englemann spruce	Picea engelmannii	N	120′	E-Tree	135000	Yellow	Fall/Spr	25″	1500-9000	3	Pure/mixed stands in moist, well drained sites	Very Good	Low	None
Blue spruce	Picea pungens	N	100′	E-Tree	106000	Yellow	Fall/Spr	20″	1500-7000	3	Highly adaptable and used as x-mas trees	Excellent	Low	None
Lodgepole pine	Pinus contorta var. latifolia	N	120+’	E-Tree	100000	Indeterminate	Fall/Spr	16″	0-11000+	3	Highly adapable, tolerant of poor soils	Excellent	Med	Low
Pinyon pine	Pinus edulis	N	25-50′	E-Tree	1900	Yellow	Fall/Spr	9″	1500-7000	3	Abundant on dry open mountain slopes	Excellent	Low	None
Ponderosa pine	Pinus ponderosa	N	120+’	E-Tree	15000	indeterminate	Fall/Spr	12″	0-9000+	3	Highly adaptable, tolerant of poor soils	Excellent	Med	Low
Narrowleaf cottonwood	Populus angustifolia	N	60′	Tree	100000	White	Fall/Spr	20″	1500-7000	4	Big game browse	Excellent	Low	Low
Black cottonwood	Populus balsamifera L. ssp.trichocarpa	N	100′	Tree	100000	Yellow	Fall/Spr	20″	1500-4500	4	Big game browse	Excellent	Low	None
Fremont cottonwood	Populus fremontii	N	100′	Tree	100000	Yellow	Fall/Spr	20″	1500-7000	4	Big game browse	Excellent	None	None
Quaking aspen	Populus tremuloides	N	80′	Tree	360000	Blue	Fall/Win	20″	1500-9000	4	Big game browse	Excellent	Low	None
Velvet mesquite	Prosopis juliflora velutina	N	30′	Tree	15000	White	Fall/Spr	6″	1500-3000	3	Good food and cover for wildlife	Very Good	None	Med
Desert peach	Prunus andersonii	N	3-6′	Shrub		White	Fall/Spr	8″	1500-4500	3	Sunny, dry, east slope of Sierra Nevada	Very Good	Low	Low
Desert almond	Prunus fasciculata	N	3-10′	Shrub	5000	Green	Fall/Spr	8″	1500-4500	3	Good grazing for wildlife	Very Good	None	Low
Chokecherry	Prunus virginiana	N	4-12′	Shrub	4790	Purple	Fall/Win	15″	2500-9000	3	Fruits provide good food for wildlife	Very Good	Med	Med
Douglas fir	Pseudotsuga menziesii	N	150+’	E-Tree	40000	Indeterminate	Fall/Win	14″	2500-9000+	3	Provides good habitat for wildlife	Excellent	Med	None
Paperflower	Psilostrophe cooperi	N	1-3′	Shrub	500000	Yellow	Fall/Win	6″	1500-4500	3	Provide cover for wildlife	Excellent	None	Med
Desert bitterbrush	Purshia glandulosa	N	3-10′	E-Shrub	22000	Yellow	Fall/Spr	6″	1500-7500	4	Good winter forage	Very Good	None	Low
Mexican cliffrose	Purshia mexicana	N	3-20′	E-Shrub	63000	Yellow	Fall/Win	10″	4000-7500	3	Excellent browse & cover for wildlife	Very Good	None	Low
Antelope bitterbrush	Purshia tridentata	N	3-15′	E-Shrub	18000	Yellow	Fall/Spr	8″	0-9000+	4	Good winter forage	Very Good	Low	Low
Gambel oak	Quercus gambelii	N	15-30′	Tree	400	Indeterminate	Fall/Win	14″	1500-7500	4	Good food and cover for wildlife	Very Good	Low	Low
Smooth sumac	Rhus glabra	N	3-7′	Shrub	50000	Red	Fall/Spr	10″	1500-7500	3	Fruits provide good food for wildlife	Excellent	Low	Low
Oakbrush sumac	Rhus trilobata	N	3-7′	Shrub	22000	Yellow/Red	Fall/Spr	8″	1500-4500	3	Provides cover	Very Good	None	Low
Golden current	Ribes aureum	N	3-8′	Shrub	375000	Yellow/Red	Fall/Spr	14″	2500-3500	3	Fruits provide good food for wildlife	Excellent	Low	Low
Wax current	Ribes cereum	N	3-5″	Shrub	350000	White/Red	Fall/Spr	12″	2500-9000	3	Fruits provide good food for wildlife	Very Good	None	Low
Mountain gooseberry	Ribes montigenum	N	1-2′	Shrub	200000	White/Red	Fall/Spr	12″	4500-9000+	3	Berries are eaten by bear, grouse & turkeys	Very Good	Low	Low
New mexican locust	Robinia neomexicana	N	5-18′	Shrub	21000	Red	Fall	12″	2500-9000	3	Berries are eaten by bear, grouse & turkeys	Very Good	None	None
Nootka rose	Rosa nutkana	N	2-7′	Shrub	50000	Purple/Red	Fall/Spr	16″	1500-4500	4	Fruits provide good food for wildlife	Excellent	Low	Low
Woods rose	Rosa woodsii	N	2-6′	Shrub	48000	Pink	Fall/Spr	10″	1500-7000	4	Fruits provide good food for wildlife	Excellent	Low	Low
Dune willow	Salix hookeriana	N	26′	Shrub	75000	Black	Fall/Spr	16+”	1500-4500	4	Good browse and cover for wildlife	Very Good	None	Low
Pacific/Shiny willow	Salix lucida	N	5-13′	Shrub	75000	Yellow	Fall/Spr	30″	500-4500	3	Good browse and cover for wildlife	Good	Low	None
Sitka willow	Salix sitchensis	N	3-15′	Shrub	75000	Black	Fall/Spr	18″	1500-7000	3	Good browse and cover for wildlife	Good	Low	Low
Blue elderberry	Sambucus nigra ssp. Cerulea	N	5-20′	Tree	220000	White	Fall/Spr	12″	2000-4500	4	Fruits provide good food for wildlife	Excellent	Low	Low
Red elderberry	Sambucus racemosa	N	2-7′	Shrub	290000	White	Fall/Spr	18″	2000-7000	4	Fruits provide good food for wildlife	Excellent	Low	Low
Greasewood	Sarcobatus vermiculatus	N	2-8′	Shrub	224000	Green	Fall/Win	6″	2000-8500	4	Good browse and cover for small animals	Very Good	Low	High
Silver buffaloberry	Shepherdia argentea	N	6-12′	Shrub	48000	Yellow	Fall/Spr	10″	3500-7500	3	Good browse and cover for wildlife	Very Good	Low	Med
Russett buffaloberry	Shepherdia canadensis	N	6-12′	Shrub	54000	Yellow	Fall/Spr	10″	2000-4500	3	Fruits provide good food for wildlife	Very Good	Low	Med
Roundleaf buffaloberry	Shepherdia rotundifolia	N	2-5′	Shrub	7000	Green	Fall/Spr	10″	2000-4500	3	Berries are eaten by bear, grouse & turkeys	Very Good	None	Low
Pricklyleaf dogweed	Thymophylla acerosa	N	1-2′	Shrub	1000000	Yellow	Fall/Spr	8″	0-4500	3	Little forage value/good landscaping	Excellent	None	Low

	X-Scape = Xeriscaping for landscaping with natives
					Erosion Control
5= Excellent growth rate, vigor and root structure			4= Very good growth rate, vigor and root structure		3= Good growth rate, vigor and root structure		2= Poor results, not recommended for erosion control		1= No value for erosion control

GRASSES, SEDGES, RUSHES & GRAINS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Varieties	Native Intro.	Mature Height	Warm Cool	Sod Bunch	Seed Rate Lbs/acre	Seeds / Pound	When to Plant	Precip. Inches Req’d	Elevation Range	Erosion Control	Wildlife Value	Forage Value	X-scape Use	Acidity tolerance	Salinity tolerance
Indian Ricegrass	Achnatherum hymenoides	Nezpar, Paloma, Rimrock	N	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-06-08 00:00:00	164500	Fall	8	1500-4500	Good	4	4	Very Good	None	Low
Letterman needlegrass	Achnatherum lettermanii		I	1-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-06-08 00:00:00	115000	Fall/Spring	18	2000-4500	Good	4	3	Ornamental	Low	Med
Columbia needlegrass	Achnatherum nelsonii		N	1-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-06-08 00:00:00	175000	Fall	12	2000-4500	Good	4	4	Very Good	Low	Low
Desert needlegrass	Achnatherum speciosum		N	10-20″	Warm	Bunch	2017-06-08 00:00:00	115000	Fall/Spring	8	1500-4500	Poor	3	2	Very Good	Low	Med
Thurbers needlgrass	Achnatherum thurberianum		N	12-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-06-08 00:00:00	225000	Fall/Spring	6	1500-4500	Good	4	3	Very Good	Low	Med
Crested wheatgrass	Agropyron cristatum	Ephraim, Fairway, Kirk, Roadcrest	I	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-06-10 00:00:00	250000	Fall/Spring	10	2000-4500	Very Good	4	4	No	Low	Med
Standard crested	Agropyron desertorum	Nordan, CDII, Hycrest	I	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-06-10 00:00:00	182500	Fall/Spring	10	2000-4500	Very Good	4	4	No	Low	Med
Siberian wheatgrass	Agropyron fragile	P-27, Vavilov	I	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-06-08 00:00:00	206000	Fall	8	2000-4500	Very Good	4	4	No	Low	Med
Colonial bentgrass	Agrostis capillaris	Highland	I	13-24″	Cool	Sod	1900-01-01 00:00:00	6100000	Fall/Spring	18	0-4500	Good	1	2	No	High	Low
Redtop	Agrostis gigantea	Streaker	I	25+”	Cool	Sod	1899-12-31 00:00:00	4850000	Fall/Spring	20	0-4500	Excellent	2	2	No	High	Low
Creeping bentgrass	Agrostis stolonifera	Putter, penncross, Seaside, others	I	13-24″	Cool	Sod	2017-02-03 00:00:00	6500000	Fall/Spring	18	0-4500	Good	2	2	No	High	Low
Creeping foxtail	Alopecurus arundinaceus	Garrison	I	13-25+”	Cool	Sod	2017-03-04 00:00:00	756000	Fall/Spring	25	0-4500	Good	3	5	No	Med	Low
Meadow foxtail	Alopecurus pratensis		I	13-25+”	Cool	Bunch	2017-04-05 00:00:00	406000	Fall/Spring	25	0-4500	Good	3	4	No	Med	Low
Big bluestem	Andropogon gerardii	Champ, Kaw, Pawnee, Rountree	N	25+”	Warm	Sod	1900-01-06 00:00:00	147500	Summer	18	2000-4500	Excellent	5	4	Excellent	Low	Med
Sand bluestem	Andropogon hallii	Elida, Woodward	N	25+”	Warm	Sod	2017-07-08 00:00:00	106500	Summer	10	2000-4500	Very Good	4	3	Very Good	Low	Low
Purple three-awn	Aristida purpurea		N	1-24″	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-05 00:00:00	240000	Fall/Spring	10	2000-4500	Very Good	3	2	Good	Low	Low
Tall oatgrass	Arrhenatherum elatius	Tualatin	I	25+”	Cool	Bunch	2017-06-08 00:00:00	189000	Fall/Spring	14	2000-4500	Very Good	3	5	No	Low	Low
Oats	Avena sativa	several varieties	I	25+”	Cool	Bunch	60+	19400	Spring	14	2000-7000	Very Good	4	5	No	Low	Med
American sloughgrass	Beckmannia syzigachne	Egan	N	25+”	Cool	Annual	1900-01-18 00:00:00	1100000	Fall/Spring	25	0-4500	Excellent	4	3	Excellent	Low	None
Alkali bulrush	Bolboschoenus maritimus		N	36+”	Cool	Sod	1900-01-07 00:00:00	160000	Fall/Spring	Wetland	1500-4500	Good	4	2	Very Good	None	High
Cane beardgrass	Bothriochloa barbinodis		N	13-36+”	Warm	Bunch		754000	Fall/Spring	8	2000-4500	Good	3	2	Very Good	Low	Med
Yellow bluestem	Bothriochloa ischaemum	Ganada, Plains, WW Spar, others	I	13-25+:	Warm	Bunch	1900-01-01 00:00:00	830000	Fall/Spring	11	2000-4500	Good	4	4	No	Low	Low
Needle grama	Bouteloua aristidoides		N	13-12″	Warm	Annual		414000	Fall/Spring	8	2000-4500	Good	2	2	Good	Low	Med
Sideoats grama	Bouteloua curtipendula	Butte, El Reno, Haskell, others	N	13-24″	Warm	Sod	2017-03-04 00:00:00	170000	Summer	8	2000-4500	Good	5	4	Very Good	Low	Low
Buffalograss	Bouteloua dactyloides	Texoka	N	1-12″	Warm	Sod	2017-04-08 00:00:00	48000	Spring	12	2000-4500	Very Good	4	5	Very Good	Low	Med
Black grama	Bouteloua eriopoda		N	13-24″	Warm	Bunch	2017-03-04 00:00:00	170000	Fall/Spring	8	2000-4500	Good	2	2	Very Good	Low	Med
Blue grama	Bouteloua gracilis	Hachita, Lovington	I	1-24″	Warm	Bunch	2017-02-03 00:00:00	780000	Spring/Summer	13	2000-4500	Good	4	4	Very Good	Low	Low
Rothrock grama	Bouteloua rothrockii		N	8-18″	Warm	Bunch	2017-02-03 00:00:00	500000	Fall/Spring	8	2000-4500	Good	2	2	Very Good	Low	Med
Meadow brome	Bromus biebersteinii	Regar	I	13-24″	Cool	Sod	2017-10-12 00:00:00	65000	Fall/Spring	16	2000-4500	Good	5	4	Good	Low	Low
California Brome	Bromus carinatus	Cucamonga	N	13-25″	Cool	Bunch	2017-06-08 00:00:00	80000	Fall/Spring	12	2000-4500	Very Good	4	2	Good	Low	Low
Rescuegrass	Bromus catharticus	Prairie	I	13-25″	Cool	Bunch	2017-06-08 00:00:00	75000	Fall/Spring	14	2000-4500	Good	3	5	No	Low	Low
Smooth Brome	Bromus inermis	Lincoln, Manchar, Carlton	I	13-24″	Cool	Sod	1900-01-07 00:00:00	150000	Fall/Spring	15	0-4500	Good	3	5	No	Low	Low
Mountain Brome	Bromus marginatus	Bromar, Garnet	N	25+”	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-09 00:00:00	70000	Late Summer	16	2000-10,000	Very Good	4	2	Good	Low	Low
Bluejoint reedgrass	Calamagrostis canadensis	Sourdough	N	25+”	Cool	Sod	2017-01-02 00:00:00	2500000	Fall/Spring	18+	0-4500	Very Good	4	4	Good	Med	Low
Prairie sandreed	Calamovilfa longifolia	Goshen, Bowman	N	25+”	Warm	Sod	2017-03-04 00:00:00	274000	Spring	12	2000-4500	Excellent	4	4	Good	Low	Low
Water sedge	Carex aquatilis		N	36+”	Cool	Sod	2017-01-02 00:00:00	500000	Fall/Spring	Wetland	2000-4500	Good	4	3	Very Good	Low	Med
Bebb’s sedge	Carex bebbii		N	13-36+”	Cool	Bunch	1899-12-31 00:00:00	1400000	Fall/Spring	Wetland	2000-4500	Good	4	3	Very Good	Low	Med
Elk sedge	Carex geyeri		N	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-01-02 00:00:00	91400	Fall/Spring	Wetland	2000-4500	Good	4	3	Very Good	Low	Med
Inland sedge	Carex interior		N	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-01-02 00:00:00	N/A	Fall/Spring	Wetland	2000-4500	Good	4	3	Very Good	Low	Med
Nebraska sedge	Carex nebrascensis		N	24-36+”	Cool	Sod	2017-01-02 00:00:00	525000	Fall/Spring	Wetland	2000-4500	Good	4	3	Very Good	Low	Med
Slough sedge	Carex obnupta		N	24-36″	Cool	Sod	1899-12-31 00:00:00	10000000	Fall/Spring	Wetland	1000-4500	Good	4	3	Very Good	Low	Med
Beaked sedge	Carex rostrata		N	13-36+”	Cool	Sod	2017-01-02 00:00:00	440000	Fall/Spring	Wetland	2000-4500	Good	4	3	Very Good	Low	Med
Fox sedge	Carex vulpinoidea		N	24-36+”	Cool	Bunch	1899-12-31 00:00:00	1290000	Fall/Spring	Wetland	2000-4500	Good	4	3	Very Good	Low	Med
Bermudagrass	Cynodon dactylon	Brazon, Tufcote	I	13-25+”	Warm	Sod	1900-01-14 00:00:00	1787000	Spring/Summer	10	2000-7000	Good	4	5	No	Low	Med
Orchardgrass	Dactylis glomerata	Latar, Paiute, Potomac, Takena, others	I	13-25+”	Cool	Sod	1900-01-07 00:00:00	541500	Spring	18	2000-7000	Poor	4	4	No	Med	Low
Low woollygrass	Dasyochloa pulchella		N	3-12″	Warm	Bunch	2017-08-10 00:00:00	N/A	Fall/Spring	8	2000-4500	Poor	2	1	Excellent	Low	Med
Tufted hairgrass	Deschampsia cespitosa	Nortan	N	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-01-02 00:00:00	2500000	Fall	20	0-10,000	Good	5	4	Very Good	Med	Low
Slender hairgrass	Deschampsia elongata		N	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-01-02 00:00:00	2500000	Fall	20	0-7000	Good	5	4	Very Good	Med	Low
Arizona cottontop	Digitaria californica		N	13-25+”	Warm	Bunch	1900-01-05 00:00:00	1002000	Fall/Spring	7	0-2000	Good	4	4	No	Low	Low
Inland saltgrass	Distichlis spicata		N	1-12″	Warm	Sod	1900-01-09 00:00:00	672000	Summer	8	0-2000	Poor	4	4	No	Low	Med
Japanese millet	Echinochloa esculenta		I	25+”	Warm	Bunch	1900-01-14 00:00:00	110000	Fall/Spring	14	2000-4500	Poor	2	4	No	Low	Low
Spike rush	Eleocharis		N	12-18″	Cool	Bunch		N/A	Fall/Spring	Wetland	2000-4500	Good	2	2	Good	Low	High
Canada wildrye	Elymus canadensis		I	25+”	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-06 00:00:00	108000	Fall	12	2000-7000	Very Good	4	3	No	Low	Med
Bottlebrush squirreltail	Elymus elymoides		N	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-08-10 00:00:00	190000	Fall	6	2000-4500	Good	4	3	No	Low	Med
Blue wildrye	Elymus glaucus	Elkton, Arlington	N	25+”	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-09 00:00:00	150000	Fall/Spring	12	2000-4500	Excellent	4	3	No	Low	Low
Thickspike wheatgrass	Elymus lanceolatus	Critana, Bannock, Schwendimar	N	13-24″	Cool	Sod	2017-06-08 00:00:00	159500	Fall/Spring	8	2000-4500	Excellent	2	2	Good	Low	Med
Streambank wheatgrass	Elymus lanceolatus ssp. psammophilus	Sodar	N	1-24″	Cool	Sod	2017-06-08 00:00:00	150000	Fall	8	2000-4500	Excellent	4	3	Good	Low	Med
Big Squirreltail	Elymus multisetus		N	13-24″	Warm	Bunch	2017-08-10 00:00:00	190000	Fall/Spring	6	1500-4500	Good	4	3	Very Good	Low	Med
slender wheatgrass	Elymus trachycaulus	Revenue, Primar, Pryor, San Luis, Highlander	N	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-06-08 00:00:00	150000	Fall	16	2000-4500	Very Good	5	4	Good	Low	Med
Snake river wheatgrass	Elymus wawawaiensis	Secar	N	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-06-08 00:00:00	117500	Fall/Spring	8	2000-4500	Good	4	5	Very Good	Low	Med
Newhy hybrid wheatgrass	Elytrigia repens x Pseudoroegneria spicata		I	13-24″	Cool	Sod	2017-10-14 00:00:00	120000	Fall/Spring	10	2000-7000	Good	3	3	Good	Low	Med
Weeping lovegrass	Eragrostis curvula	Ermelo, Morpa	I	13-24″	Warm	Bunch	1900-01-01 00:00:00	1500000	Spring/Summer	16	1500-4000	Good	3	4	No	High	Med
Plains lovegrass	Eragrostis intermedia		N	13-25+”	Warm	Bunch	1900-01-02 00:00:00	3750000	Fall/Spring	11	2000-4500	Poor	4	4	Good	Low	High
Lehmann lovegrass	Eragrostis lehmanniana		I	13-25+”	Warm	Sod	1900-01-01 00:00:00	4245000	Spring/Summer	12	1500-4000	Good	4	4	No	Low	High
Wilman lovegrass	Eragrostis superba		I	1-12″	Warm	Bunch	1900-01-04 00:00:00	1300000	Spring/Summer	8	1500-4000	Poor	3	4	No	Low	Med
Sand lovegrass	Eragrostis trichodes	Bend	N	25+”	Warm	Bunch	1900-01-01 00:00:00	1400000	Spring/Summer	12	1500-4500	Good	3	4	No	Low	Med
Tall fescue	Festuca arundinacea	Alta, Kentucky 31, Fawn, turf-types	I	25+”	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-07 00:00:00	224500	Spring	18	0-4500	Good	4	5	No	High	High
Arizona fescue	Festuca arzonica	Redondo	N	13-25+”	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-02 00:00:00	500000	Fall	14	2000-4500	Good	3	3	Very Good	Low	Low
Idaho fescue	Festuca idahoensis	Joseph	N	25+”	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-07 00:00:00	450000	Fall/Spring	10	2000-7000	Good	5	3	No	Low	Low
Western fescue	Festuca occidentalis		N	25+”	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-07 00:00:00	450000	Fall/Spring	10	0-4500	Good	4	3	Good	Low	Low
Sheep fescue	Festuca ovina	Covar, Quatro	N/I	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-09 00:00:00	622500	Fall/Spring	10	2000-7000	Very Good	3	3	No	Med	Low
Roemers fescue	Festuca roemeri		N	25+”	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-07 00:00:00	450000	Fall/Spring	16	2000-4500	Unknown	4	3	Very Good	Low	Med
Creeping red fescue	Festuca rubra	many varieties	I	13-25+”	Cool	Sod	1900-01-09 00:00:00	547000	Fall/Spring	18	2000-4500	Good	4	4	Very Good	Med	Low
Native red fescue	Festuca rubra, ssp. rubra	Molate, Arctica	N	12-30″	Cool	Sod	1900-01-09 00:00:00	614000	Fall/Spring	20″	2000-4500	Good	4	3	Excellent	Med	None
Chewings fescue	Festuca rubra, ssp.fallax	many varieties	I	1-24″	Cool	Sod	1900-01-09 00:00:00	500000	Fall/Spring	18	2000-4500	Good	3	4	Good	Med	Low
Rough fescue	Festuca campestris Rydb.		N	1-12″	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-09 00:00:00	200000	Fall/Spring	12	2000-7000	Good	3	3	Good	Med	Low
Hard fescue	Festuca trachyphylla	Durar, Serra, Crystal	I	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-09 00:00:00	572500	Fall/Spring	16	2000-7000	Very Good	3	3	No	Med	Low
American mannagrass	Glyceria grandis		N	25+”	Cool	Sod	2017-10-12 00:00:00	37500	Fall/Spring	18	2000-4500	Poor	5	4	Good	Med	Low
Western mannagrass	Glyceria occidentalis		N	25+”	Cool	Sod	2017-06-08 00:00:00	200000	Fall/Spring	18+	2000-4500	Poor	5	4	Good	Med	Low
Fowl mannagrass	Glyceria striata		N	36-48″	Cool	Sod	2017-06-08 00:00:00	200000	Fall/Spring	30	1500-4500	Poor	5	4	Good	Med	Low
Needle and thread	Hesperostipa comata		N	25+”	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-07 00:00:00	115000	Fall/Spring	10	2000-4500	Good	4	3	Excellent	Low	Med
Tanglehead	Heteropogon contortus		N	10-25″	Warm	Bunch	2017-03-04 00:00:00	340000	Fall/Spring	8	2000-4500	Good	1	1	Excellent	Low	Med
Meadow Barley	Hordeum brachyantherum		N	1-12″	Cool	Bunch	2017-12-15 00:00:00	90000	Fall/Spring	16	2000-4500	Good	5	4	Excellent	Med	Low
Barley	Hordium vulgare	Spring, Winter	I	25+”	Cool	Bunch	60+	12000	Fall/Spring	14	2000-4500	Good	5	4	N	Med	Low
Northern rush	Juncus Alpinus		N	3-24″	Cool	Sod	1899-12-31 00:00:00	N/A	Fall/Spring	Wetland	1500-4500	Good	4	3	Very Good	Med	Med
Baltic rush	Juncus balticus		N	24-36+”	Cool	Sod	1899-12-31 00:00:00	11000000	Fall/Spring	Wetland	1500-4500	Good	4	2	Very Good	None	High
Soft rush	Juncus effusus		N	36+”	Cool	Bunch	1899-12-31 00:00:00	958000	Fall/Spring	Wetland	1500-4500	Good	4	4	Very Good	Med	Med
Swordleaf rush	Juncus ensifolius		N	18-24″	Cool	Bunch	1899-12-31 00:00:00	N/A	Fall/Spring	12	1500-4500	Good	4	2	Very Good	Med	Med
Straight-leaved rush	Juncus orthophyllus		N	24+”	Cool	Bunch	1899-12-31 00:00:00	N/A	Fall/Spring	Wetland	1500-4500	Good	4	2	Very Good	Med	Med
Slender rush	Juncus tenuis		N	6-36″	Cool	Bunch	1899-12-31 00:00:00	10000000	Fall/Spring	16	1500-4500	Good	3	2	Very Good	Med	Low
Torry rush	Juncus torreyi		N	24-36″	Cool	Bunch	1899-12-31 00:00:00	10000000	Fall/Spring	14	1500-4500	Good	3	2	Very Good	Med	None
Prairie junegrass	Koeleria macrantha		N	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-01-02 00:00:00	2132500	Fall	12	2000-4500	Good	5	3	Good	None	Low
Rice cutgrass	Leersia oryzoides		N	36-48″	Cool	Bunch	N/A	N/A	Fall/Spring	14	1500-4500	Good	4	5	Very Good	Low	None
Green sprangletop	Leptochloa dubia		I	25+”	Warm	Bunch	1900-01-05 00:00:00	538000	Fall/Spr/Sum	11	1500-4500	Poor	5	4	No	None	Med
Altai wildrye	Leymus angustus	Prairieland	I	25+”	Cool	Bunch	2017-10-15 00:00:00	56500	Fall/Spring	18	2000-7000	Very Good	3	3	Good	Low	Low
Great Basin wildrye	Leymus cinereus	Magnar, Trailhead	N	25+”	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-08 00:00:00	130500	Fall/Spring	8	2000-4500	Good	4	4	Good	Low	Med
Mammoth wildrye	Leymus racemosus	Volga	I	13-25+”	Cool	Sod	1900-01-09 00:00:00	77500	Fall/Spring	7	2000-4500	Good	4	4	Very Good	Low	Med
Creeping beardless wildrye	Leymus triticoides	Shoshone	N	13-25+”	Cool	Sod	1900-01-14 00:00:00	50500	Fall	10	2000-4500	Very Good	4	4	No	Low	High
Annual ryegrass	Lolium multiflorum	Gulf	I	13-25+”	Cool	Annual	15-35	225000	Spring	10	0-7,000	Very Good	3	4	No	Low	Low
Perennial ryegrass	Lolium perenne	turf & forage available	I	25+”	Cool	Bunch	15-35	237000	Fall	12	0-7,000	Very Good	3	5	No	Low	Low
Spike muhly	Muhlenbergia wrightii	El Vado	N	1-24″	Warm	Bunch	1900-01-01 00:00:00	1500000	Spring/Summer	15	2000-9000	Very Good	5	5	Good	None	Low
Green needlegrass	Nassella viridula	Lodorm	I	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-08-10 00:00:00	173000	Fall	16	2000-4500	Good	4	4	Very Good	Low	Med
Blue panicgrass	Panicum antidotale		I	25+”	Warm	Bunch	1900-01-04 00:00:00	657000	Fall/Spr/Sum	11	2000-4500	Good	4	5	No	None	Low
Kleingrass	Panicum coloratum	Selection 75	I	13-24″	Warm	Sod	1900-01-03 00:00:00	500000	Spring/Summer	12	1000-7000	Good	3	4	No	None	Med
Switchgrass	Panicum virgatum	Alamo, Blackwell	N	25+”	Warm	Sod	2017-05-08 00:00:00	332500	Summer	19	2000-4500	Very Good	5	4	Good	Low	Med
Western wheatgrass	Pascopyrum smithii	Arriba, Barton, Rosana, Rodan	N	13-24″	Cool	Sod	1900-01-09 00:00:00	113000	Fall/Spring	10	2000-4500	Poor	4	3	Good	Med	Med
Reed Canarygrass	Phalaris arundinacea		I	25+”	Cool	Sod	2017-05-10 00:00:00	529500	Fall/Spring	16	0-7000	Good	3	4	No	High	Med
Alpine Timothy	Phleum alpinum		N	12-18″	Cool	Bunch	1899-12-31 00:00:00	1000000	Fall/Spring	16	4000-9000	Good	4	3	Very Good	Low	None
Timothy	Phleum pratense	Climax, Clair	I	13-24+”	Cool	Bunch	1899-12-31 00:00:00	1232500	Fall/Spring	16	0-7000	Good	4	5	No	Med	Low
Galleta	Pleuraphis jamesii	Viva	N	1-12″	Warm	Sod	1900-01-05 00:00:00	169500	Spring	8	2000-4500	Very Good	4	4	Very Good	None	Med
Tobosagrass	Pleuraphis mutica		N	13-25″	Warm	Sod	1900-01-05 00:00:00	1695000	Fall/Spring	8	2000-4500	Good	2	2	Excellent	Low	Med
Alpine Bluegrass	Poa alpina		N	1-12″	Cool	Bunch	1899-12-31 00:00:00	1680000	Fall/Spring	20	2000	Good	4	3	Good	Low	None
Canada bluegrass	Poa compressa	Reubens, Talon	I	13-24″	Cool	Sod	2017-01-02 00:00:00	2400000	Fall/Spring	18	2000-7000	Good	4		no	Med	Low
Mutton grass	Poa fendleriana		N	3-12″	Cool	Bunch	2017-01-02 00:00:00	1000000	Fall/Spring	10	2000-7000	Poor	4	3	Very Good	Low	Med
Upland bluegrass	Poa glauca	Draylar	I	13-24″	Cool	Sod	2017-01-02 00:00:00	1000000	Fall/Spring	14	2000-7000	Good	5	5	Very Good	Low	Med
Kentucky bluegrass	Poa pratensis	Able 1, A-34, & other varieties	I	13-24″	Cool	Sod	2017-02-03 00:00:00	1796000	Fall/Spring	18	2000-4500	Good	3	4	N	Low	Low
Big bluegrass	Poa secunda ssp. ampla	Sherman	N	25+”	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-04 00:00:00	899500	Fall/Spring	8	2000-4000	Good	5	5	Very Good	Low	None
Canby bluegrass	Poa secunda ssp. canbyi	Canbar	N	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-01 00:00:00	925500	Fall/Spring	10	2000-4500	Good	5	4	Good	None	Low
Sandberg bluegrass	Poa secunda ssp. sandbergii		N	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-02-04 00:00:00	912500	Fall/Spring	8	2000-4500	Poor	5	3	No	Low	Med
Rough bluegrass	Poa trivialis		I	13-24″	Cool	Sod	1900-01-03 00:00:00	1900000	Fall/Spring	25	1500-4500	Good	4	3	No	Low	Med
Russian wildrye	Psathyrostachys juncea	Bozoisky, Vinall	I	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-09 00:00:00	162500	Fall/Spring	12	2000-4500	Good	3	3	Good	Low	Med
Beardless bluebunch	Pseuderoegnaria spicata inermis	Whitmar	N	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-07-09 00:00:00	115000	Fall/Spring	10	2000-4500	Good	5	5	Very Good	Low	Med
Bluebunch wheatgrass	Pseudoroegneria spicata	Goldar, Anatone, P-7	N	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	2017-06-08 00:00:00	117500	Fall/Spring	10	2000-4500	Good	4	5	Very Good	Low	Med
Alkaligrass	Puccinellia distans	Fults	N	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	1900-01-03 00:00:00	1200000	Fall/Spring	15	0-4500	Poor	4	3	Good	Low	High
Ruby grass	Rhynchelytrum repens		I	1-12″	Warm	Bunch	1900-01-03 00:00:00	200000	Fall/Spring	8	2000-4500	Good	4	3	Good	Low	Med
Little bluestem	Schizachyrium scoparium	Aldous, Blaze, Camper	N	25+”	Cool	Sod	1900-01-05 00:00:00	242000	Fall/Spring	14	2000-4500	Good	5	3	Good	Low	Med
Hardstem bulrush	Schoenoplectus acutus zar.acutus		N	36+”	Cool	Sod	1900-01-03 00:00:00	375000	Fall/Spring	Wetland	1500-4500	Good	4	2	Very Good	None	High
Softstem bulrush	Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani		N	48+”	Cool	Bunch	N/A	N/A	Fall/Spring	Wetland	1500-4500	Good	4	2	Very Good	None	High
Small-fruited bulrush	Scirpus microcarpus		N	24-36″	Cool	Sod	N/A	N/A	Fall/Spring	Wetland	1500-4500	Good	4	3	Good	None	High
Cereal rye	Secale cereale	Spring, Fall	I	25+”	Cool	Annual	80+	29000	Fall/Spring	14	0-7000	Very Good	2	2	No	None	Low
Plains bristlegrass	Setaria macrostachya		N	13-25+”	Warm Bunch	Bunch	1900-01-06 00:00:00	280000	Fll/Spr/Sum	12	2000-4500	Good	4	4	Very Good	None	Low
Foxtail bristlegrass	Setaria italica		I	13-24″	Warm	Annual	25+	200000	Spring	14	0-4500	Poor	2	3	No	Low	Low
Indiangrass	Sorghastrum nutans	Rumsey, Holt, Cheyenne, NE 54	N	25+”	Warm	Bunch	1900-01-05 00:00:00	170000	Spring	14	2000-4500	Very Good	4	4	Very Good	Med	Low
Sorghum	Sorghum bicolor ssp. bicolor		I	25+”	Warm	Bunch	20-30	60000	Spring	14	1500-4500	Good	4	5	No	Low	Med
Sudangrass	Sorghum bicolor ssp. Drummondii		I	25+”	Warm	Bunch	20-30	68000	Spring	14	1500-4500	Good	3	4	No	Low	Med
Alkali sacaton	Sporobolus airoides		N	13-24″	Warm	Bunch	2017-02-03 00:00:00	1679000	Late Summer	6	2000-4500	Good	5	3	Excellent	None	High
Sand dropseed	Sporobolus cryptandrus		N	13-24″	Warm	Bunch	1899-12-31 00:00:00	5300000	Late Summer	10	2000-4500	Very Good	5	4	Very Good	Low	Low
Giant dropseed	Sporobolus giganteus		N	25+”	Warm	Bunch	2017-02-03 00:00:00	1700000	Late Summer	12	2000-4500	Good	4	4	Very Good	Med	Low
Intermediate wheatgrass	Thinopyrum intermedium	Amur, Greenar, Oahe, Tegmar, Rush	I	13-25″	Cool	Sod	2017-10-12 00:00:00	89500	Fall/Spring	14	2000-4500	Excellent	4	4	No	Med	Med
Pubescent wheatgrass	Thinopyrum intermedium ssp.barbulatum	Greenleaf, Luna, Mandan, Manska	I	13-24″	Cool	Sod	2017-10-12 00:00:00	100000	Fall	12	2000-4500	Very Good	4	5	No	Med	Med
Tall Wheatgrass	Thinopyrum ponticum	Alkar, Jose, Orbitt	I	25+”	Cool	Bunch	2017-08-10 00:00:00	77500	Spring	12	2000-4500	Good	3	4	No	Low	High
Wheat	Triticum aestivum	Spring, Winter	I	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	60+	12000	Fall/Spring	12	2000-4500	Good	3	3	No	Low	Low
Regreen Hybrid	Triticum aestivum x Elytrigia elongata		I	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	20-40+	12000	Fall/Spring	12	0-7000	Excellent	3	3	No	Low	Med
Triticale	Triticum aestivum x Secale cereale	Spring, Winter	I	13-24″	Cool	Bunch	60+	14000	Fall/Spring	12	2000-4500	Very Good	4	4	No	Low	Low
Broadleaf cattail	Typha latifolia		N	36-48″	Cool	Bunch	1970-01-01 12:00:00	10000000	Fall/Spring	Wetland	0-9000	Very Good	4	2	Very Good	Low	Low
Foxtail fescue	Vulpia myuros	Zorro	I	1-24″	Cool	Annual	2017-08-10 00:00:00	450000	Fall	10	2000-4500	Very Good	2	3	No	Med	Low

	Elevation Range: Preferred growing elevation.		Erosion Control Index: Based on germination & growth rate, seeding vigor, life-span & growth form.			Wildlife Value: Provides food and/or cover and/or nesting for various forms of wildlife.			Forage Value: Rates the food potential to livestock and wildlife.			X-Scape: “Xeriscaping” using native species for landscaping.
Wildlife & Forage Rating Scale:			5 = Best		4 = Good		3 = Satisfactory		2 = Poor results		1 = Not recommended

								Definitions:
	Native grasses are those that occurred in North America before the settlement by European / Asian man.			Introduced grasses are those that are not native to North America				Warm Season grasses grow actively in summer andgo dormant in cool weather. Warm season grasses will remain dormant until the soil temperature indicates that there is no chance of frost returning. Warm season grasses turn tan-colored from November through April.				Cool Season grasses thrive in cool weather and go semi-dormant in the hot summer months. They “green-up” earlier in the spring than warm season grasses.

	Note: Call us or check with your extension office to determine if a particular species occurs naturally to your site.

	*Indicates revised scientific names accepted by the USDA/NRCS

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